The Impact of Financial Ratios on Bank Performance Before and During COVID-19: Evidence from Bank Business Activities Category 3 and 4 in Indonesia

Keeping in mind the year 2020 until end of 2022, COVID-19 pandemic and its economic turmoil shocked banking sectors. The has caused significant disruptions to economies across globe, Indonesia is no exception. As a result, sector been particularly affected. This research aims investigate situation during how it affected bank profitability (ROA). Profitability ratio that measures company's ability generate profits. Return on Assets (ROA) one ratios. assets commonly used financial profitability. For this research, dependent variable return asset measure independent variables are non-performing loan, net interest margin, operating expense income, loan-to-deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio. also uses control variables. size, GDP growth, inflation, rates. Since effect banks' covid-19 an as dummy. sample commercial banks business activity category 3 4. methodology utilises panel data two-step system GMM. Thus, discovered ROA negatively significantly. Additionally, ratios NIM OEOI.